(Bloomberg) -- China’s top markets watchdog summoned PDD Holdings Inc. executives to order the company to fix its refunds-first policy, taking aim at a practice that a growing number of merchants argue hurts their bottom line.
The State Administration of Market Regulation and Ministry of Commerce told executives at a recent meeting that the policy — which lets shoppers claim refunds without returning purchased goods — placed an unfair burden on small merchants, people familiar with the matter said. Regulators asked PDD to fix the issue but stopped short of specific suggestions or outlawing the practice, the people said, asking not to be identified disclosing private talks.
The discussion in Beijing revolved around the so-called “refunds only” practice that PDD pioneered years ago. PDD’s Pinduoduo online store connects hundreds of thousands of small shops with Chinese consumers, and the company withholds payments to merchants if they’re judged to have fallen short of customer expectations — anything from missing delivery deadlines to product mismatches.
That consumer-first approach, instrumental in helping PDD out-grow Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. and JD.com Inc., came under fire during 2024’s economic downturn. Merchants complain that PDD panders to shoppers’ whims, denying them payment even after delivering products. That backlash peaked over the summer, when hundreds of merchants staged a rally at PDD’s offices in southern China.
PDD’s shares fell about 2.5% in premarket trading, while Alibaba slipped 1.5% and JD was down more than 3%.
That protest was the culmination of growing frustration among third-party sellers, who accused PDD of squeezing them for revenue to help bankroll a costly global expansion.
In response, PDD has said it’s actively working out solutions with their merchants. Company representatives didn’t respond to messages seeking comment. The ministry and market watchdog didn’t respond to faxed requests for comment.
Chinese shoppers have enjoyed some of the world’s most generous refund policies. Conceived years ago by PDD, the industry norm became to allow buyers to request a full refund, while keeping products they deem poorly made. Several of PDD’s rivals began adopting the same practice, though some including Kuaishou Technology have since backtracked because of the growing resistance.
The dispute coincides with an aggressive expansion that’s taken Temu around the world. PDD and its Temu platform exploded on the scene in 2023 with expensive Super-Bowl ads. It’s since begun to challenge fellow online shopping giant Shein, and even Amazon.com Inc. in certain segments. It launched in Thailand just a few months ago.
That breakneck global expansion at one point helped US-listed PDD become China’s most valuable e-commerce company, outstripping Alibaba and JD.
It’s unclear whether PDD is making moves to assuage Chinese merchants. Internationally, the company is proving popular with US sellers tired of Amazon’s fees, with Temu proving a more lucrative distribution platform for some. But at home, the danger is that suppliers may migrate to other platforms, disrupting the flow of goods vital for supporting the fledgling service’s growth.
Beijing on various occasions has openly expressed support for what they call cross-border e-commerce, or the sale of Chinese goods abroad.
But this year, reports began circulating about growing dissatisfaction among Temu’s merchants in China, who supply the bulk of the cheap, fast-moving goods that consumers abroad are hoovering up. Indonesia and Vietnam are among a number of countries that have recently blocked Temu operations while looking into its practices.
Around September, Chinese officials from agencies including the SAMR and commerce ministry held closed-door seminars with merchants and e-commerce platforms including Alibaba and PDD about the refund-only polices, two attendees said.
Both JD and Alibaba allow refunds without returns. But their policies are stricter and a partial instead of full refund is more often the rule, shoppers and merchants say. Ahead of the just-concluded Nov. 11 Singles’ Day shopping festival, Alibaba and JD executives warned against a take-no-prisoners approach that seemed to prioritize low prices at the expense of quality. JD Chief Executive Officer Xu Ran spoke out against what she called “vicious involution” — meaning a destructive cycle.
A few months prior, PDD stunned investors by giving an unusually gloomy outlook, with CEO Chen Lei mentioning at least eight times that revenue and profit must “inevitably” decline. Results for the past quarter also came in below expectations, and executives emphasized they were disadvantaged against competitors, without elaborating.
--With assistance from Zheping Huang, Luz Ding and Jake Rudnitsky.
(Updates with shares in the fifth paragraph)
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